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The economy of East Timor is ranked as a low income economy by the World Bank.〔(Timor Leste – World Bank )〕 It is placed 158th by Human Development Index, indicating a low level of human development.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=- Human Development Reports )〕 20% of the population is unemployed, and 52.9% lives on less than US $1.25 a day.〔 About half of the population is illiterate.〔 According to data gathered in the 2010 census, 87.7% of urban and 18.9% of rural households have electricity, for an overall average of 36.7%.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://dne.mof.gov.tl/published/2010%20and%202011%20Publications/Census%20Summary%20English/English%20Census%20Summary%202011.pdf )〕 The country continues to suffer the after effects of a decades-long independence struggle against Indonesia, which damaged infrastructure and displaced thousands of civilians. In 2007, a bad harvest led to deaths in several parts of East Timor. In November 2007, eleven subdistricts still needed food supplied by international aid.〔(Voice of America, 24.06.07, East Timor Facing Food Crisis ) and Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Timor-Leste〕 There are no patent laws in East Timor. ==History== Prior to and during colonisation, the island of Timor was best known for its sandalwood. The Portuguese colonial administration granted concessions to Oceanic Exploration Corporation to develop the deposits. However, this was curtailed by the Indonesian invasion in 1976. The resources were divided between Indonesia and Australia with the Timor Gap Treaty in 1989.〔(【引用サイトリンク】archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20050616125127/http://atns.net.au/biogs/A002026b.htm )〕 The treaty established guidelines for joint exploitation of seabed resources in the area of the "gap" left by then-Portuguese Timor in the maritime boundary agreed between the two countries in 1972.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Radio Australia )〕 Revenues from the "joint" area were to be divided 50%-50%. Woodside Petroleum and ConocoPhillips began development of some resources in the Timor Gap on behalf of the two governments in 1992. In late 1999, about 70% of the economic infrastructure of East Timor was destroyed by Indonesian troops and anti-independence militias,〔 and 260,000 people fled westward. From 2002 to 2005, an international program led by the United Nations, manned by civilian advisers, 5,000 peacekeepers (8,000 at peak) and 1,300 police officers, substantially reconstructed the infrastructure. By mid-2002, all but about 50,000 of the refugees had returned. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy of East Timor」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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